Background: Veterinary clinics are confronted with nosocomial infections caused by pathogens that persist in the absence of complete eradication or that adapt too quickly to their environment,[1] but with less epidemiological surveillance than in the human health sector. Objectives: Inspired by the protocols used in hospitals, we developed a process to evaluate the microbiological quality of veterinary structures. Study design: Surveillance protocol development. Methods: Hospital surveillance consists of (1) an exchange with the responsible to target risk zones, (2) sampling and microbiological analysis, and (3) results' discussion and optimisation of initial cleaning protocol if necessary. Literature and methodology reviews were conducted for four matrices: air, surfaces, water, and materials (e.g., endoscopes); an equine clinic was used to compare the sampling methods (air sampling vs. sedimentation boxes, or wipes vs. agar dishes for surfaces). Contamination indicator organisms (ESKAPE) and their antimicrobial resistance profiles were targeted.[2] A new rapid typing technology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy1 was used to determine strain clonality. Results: Two strains of Staphylococcus (pseudintermedius and xylosus) with an antibiotic-resistant phenotype to methicillin were isolated by air analysis. Eight strains of Enterobacter hormaechei were isolated by surface sampling. Six of these strains carried extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and were found in different zones. IR-Biotyper analysis demonstrated that the neonatal stable and operating room strains belonged to the same clone. Main limitations: We have focused our investigation only on bacteria, fungi, and yeasts' detection but viruses should be included. Conclusion: Our process represents a biosecurity approach to reduce the introduction of harmful organisms, control environmental pathogens, prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, and improve human and animal safety. Key Manufacturer: IR-Biotyper, Bruker https://www.bruker.com/en/products-andsolutions/microbiology-and-diagnostics/microbial-strain-typing.html. Ethical animal research: Not applicable. Informed consent: Not applicable. Competing interests: None declared. Funding: None. References: [1] Stull JW, Weese JS. Hospital-associated infections in small animal practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2015;45(2):217–233. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.11.009. [2] Mulani MS, Kamble EE, Kumkar SN, Tawre MS, Pardesi KR. Emerging strategies to combat ESKAPE pathogens in the era of antimicrobial resistance: A review. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:539. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00539.