Mycoplasma equirhinis, a disregarded player in equine respiratory disorders? - Normandie Université
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2024

Mycoplasma equirhinis, a disregarded player in equine respiratory disorders?

Résumé

Background: Respiratory disorders are associated with poor performance and economic losses in the equine industry.[1] Mycoplasma (M.) spp. have been regularly reported in up to 15% of respiratory specimens but their clinical contribution remains unclear. Objectives: Characterisation of Mycoplasma species and evaluation of their role in equine respiratory disorders. Study design: retrospective descriptive Methods: In total, 1948 respiratory samples were collected and analysed from 1764 horses in France over the 2020–2022 period.[2] Mycoplasmas were detected by PCR post enrichment and culture. Detection results were interpreted using clinical scoring, risk factor analysis as well as testing for association with other potential etiological agents The genomes of several M. equirhinis isolates were sequenced and compared. Results: The prevalence of mycoplasmas was refined to 16.1%, with a predominance of M. equirhinis species (85.3%). The M. equirhinis prevalence remained steady whatever the clinical score. Nonetheless, it increased significantly in the presence of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus or EHV-5 virus. In bronchoalveolar lavages, the detection of M. equirhinis was associated with neutrophil-mediated inflammation, suggesting it could participate in an inappropriate immune response as observed in equine asthma. M. equirhinis genomes were shown to be highly homogeneous, with a few mobile genetic elements, such as an M. arginini-like ICE and a M. arthritidis-like prophage. The repertoire of genes putatively associated with virulence was limited to cytoadherence and immune escape, like its closest phylogenetic neighbour, M. hominis. Main limitation: Lack of a quantitative method to detect M. equirhinis directly from clinical specimens. Conclusions: M. equirhinis is not a primary pathogen but could contribute to clinical signs in association with other opportunistic pathogens. It could play a part in the equine respiratory disease complex essentially through dysregulation of the host immune response, as is well known for other mycoplasma species in other respiratory complexes. Ethical animal research: Not required: retrospective case series and analysis of microorganisms. Informed consent: Not stated. Competing interests: None declared. Funding: IFCE (Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation), Fonds Eperon and GIS Centaure. References: [1] Wood JLN, Newton JR, Chanter N, Mumford JA. Association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(1):120–126. DOI:10.1128/JCM.43.1.120-126.2005. [2] Martineau M, Kokabi E, Taiebi A, Lefebvre S, Pradier S, Jaÿ M, Tardy F, Leon A. Epidemiology and pathogenicity of M. equirhinis in equine respiratory disorders. Vet Microbiol. 2023;287:109926. DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109926.
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hal-04723332 , version 1 (07-10-2024)

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Matthieu Martineau, Eléna Kokabi, Chloé Ambroset, Marine Jay, Florence Tardy, et al.. Mycoplasma equirhinis, a disregarded player in equine respiratory disorders?. 12th International Equine Infectious Diseases Conference, Sep 2024, Deauville, France. pp.24-25 (n°23), ⟨10.1111/evj.14215⟩. ⟨hal-04723332⟩
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