Колокол святого Юра 6849 года: между Львовом, Плоцком, Петербургом и Теребовлей [Kolokol svjatogo Jura 6849 goda : mezdu L’vovom, Plockom, Peterburgom i Terebovlej]
Résumé
The present paper analyses the historiography
of researches on the bell of 6849 AM from
the cathedral of Saint George in Lviv, Ukraine,
and estimates the potential of its Cyrillic inscription
and chemical composition of its copper alloy
as historical sources. The author publishes
for the fi rst time the photographs of the bell and
the tracing of its inscription made at the end of
the 19th century, probably by Isidor Szaraniewicz.
All materials were send to the Imperial
Arcaheological Commission in St Petersburg,
Russia, in 1897 via Polish Academy of Arts and
Sciences in Krakow thank to eff orts of Gregory
Worobjow, Russian administrative offi cial in
Plock, Kingdom of Poland, and the researcher of
the Polish history. The author notes the lack of
serious publication on the bell in Russian historiography,
where the erroneous opinion that the
bell was originally made for the monastery of St.
George in Trembowla was established. The name
of the bell “trembowelski” should be explained by
its dedication to the Icon of the Mother of God
transferred to Lviv from Trembowla in 1675 AD.
The article indicates the date of the manufacturing
of the bell as the second half of 1341 – February
1342 AD. This period corresponds well to the
new political situation in the region after reconciling
between Lvov and Polish King Casimir III
the Great, arri ving of the European merchants
and craftsmen in the city, and active circulation
into the city of Prague groschens that created
economic circumstances for the production of the
bell. The article also notes that the production
of new bells in the 1340s was very characteristic
of the whole of Europe. The author interprets
the high content of antimony in the metal of the
bell (6%) by the insuffi cient level of the master’s
qualifi cations, as well as by the initial stage of
the imports of copper from the mines of Hungary,
the Harz and the Eastern Alps. In conclusion,
historiographical examples are analyzed,
in which the interpretations of historians do not
correspond to the informative possibility of the
inscription on the bell as a historical source. The
author confi rms that the bell was made by a European
master, while Yakov Skora was only a calligrapher,
and gives the proof that the inscription
itself can not be used as evidence of the construction
of a new cathedral of St. George in 1341 AD.
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