The aim of this study was to understand the role of indigenous soil microbial communities on the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to determine whether PAHs degradation potential in soils may be evaluated by analysis of bacterial diversity and potential metabolisms using a metagenomics approach. Five different soils were artificially contaminated with seven selected PAHs and the most abundant bacterial taxa were assessed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, and linking them to PAH biodegradation efficiencies. A PICRUSt approach was then led to estimate the degradation potentials by metagenomics inference. Although the role of bacteria in PAHs degradation is not directly established here, the presence of a large number of bacteria belonging to the Betaproteobacteria class correlated to a higher degradation of LMW PAHs. A link with specific bacterial taxa was more difficult to establish concerning HMW PAHs, which seemed to require more complex mechanisms as shown by PICRUSt.