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              <p>Here  we  present  an  experimental  campaign  delving  into  the  complex  interplay  between sand dune  morphology  and tidal current  dynamics. Employing  particle  image velocimetry (PIV)  measurements,  we  conducted  diverse  series  of  laboratory  flume  experiments  to scrutinize  the  hydrodynamic  influence  of  dunes  on  steady  currents,  both  aligned  and opposed to the dune asymmetry.   Our experiments sought to replicate the hydrodynamics occurring over the tidal dune field of the Goulet de Brest, located in Brittany, France. The Goulet hosts well-formed and highly dynamic dunes shaped by intense tidal currents. Notably, these currents exhibit a distinctive asymmetry,  with  ebb  flows  prevailing  towards  the  southwest  in  contrast  to  the  opposite flood  flows.  The  resulting  tidal  asymmetry  is  vividly  mirrored  in  the  dune  profiles, showcasing an accentuated asymmetry in the southeast part of the field, where dunes grow taller in shallower waters.   Conducted  in  a  bidirectional  current-permitting  flume,  each  experimental  series encompassed varied hydrodynamic conditions, such as ebb and flood, aligned or opposed to the dune asymmetry, and different bottom roughnesses. We utilized sediment mixtures that were progressively coarser, transitioning from a smooth to a fully rough flow regime. The PIV flow measurements provided unprecedented spatial resolution, slightly larger than 1 mm, and temporal resolution sampling data at a frequency of 200 Hz. These measurements were taken  at  the  central  dune  crest  and  along  the  neighboring  trough.  At  the  inlet,  lower-frequency  point  measurements  were  conducted  using  a  Vectrino-II  ADV  Nortek,  ensuring the stability of inlet currents during different PIV acquisitions.  Analysis of the collected data unveiled a rich tapestry of turbulent processes and boundary layer dynamics. The identified detachment and reattachment points of the boundary layer, along with their spatio-temporal oscillations, revealed an intermittent advection of coherent turbulent structures downstream from the dune crest proceeding further downward along the lee side in the boundary layer and upward in the water column up to the free surface. These  deepened  our  understanding  of  the  intricate  interactions  between  boundary  layer dynamics and turbulence. Additionally, by scrutinizing the vertical current profile along the dune,  we  estimated  the  equivalent  bottom  roughness  and  local  shear  stresses,  providing crucial insights into the drag imposed by the dunes, with potential implications for sediment transport processes. In  essence,  this  dataset  stands  as  a  cornerstone  in  unraveling  the  intricate  relationship between tidal dune morphology and coastal current dynamics. It underscores the potential of  PIV  measurements  for  investigating  such  large-scale  phenomena  under  controlled conditions.  Furthermore,  the  collected  database  can  inform  the  development,  validation, and sensitivity analysis of new numerical models aiming at the investigation of those fine-scale processes taking place at the interface of sand dunes and tidal current which control sediment transport and thus shape coastal areas.</p>
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