Detection of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis Virus and Equine Hepacivirus in Archived Sera from Horses in France and Australia
Résumé
Reports of newly discovered equine hepatotropic flavi- and parvoviruses have emerged
throughout the last decade in many countries, the discovery of which has stimulated a great deal
of interest and clinical research. Although commonly detected in horses without signs of disease,
equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) and equine hepacivirus (EqHV) have been associated with
liver disease, including following the administration of contaminated anti-toxin. Our aim was to
determine whether EqPV-H and EqHV are present in Australian horses and whether EqPV-H was
present in French horses and to examine sequence diversity between strains of both viruses amongst
infected horses on either side of the globe. Sera from 188 Australian horses and 256 French horses
from horses with and without clinical signs of disease were collected. Twelve out of 256 (4.7%)
and 6 out of 188 (3.2%) French and Australian horses, respectively, were positive for the molecular
detection of EqPV-H. Five out of 256 (1.9%) and 21 out of 188 (11.2%) French and Australian horses,
respectively, were positive for the molecular detection of EqHV. Australian strains for both viruses
were genomically clustered, in contrast to strains from French horses, which were more broadly
distributed. The findings of this preliminary survey, with the molecular detection of EqHV and
EqPV-H in Australia and the latter in France, adds to the growing body of awareness regarding these
recently discovered hepatotropic viruses. It has provided valuable information not just in terms of
geographic endemicity but will guide equine clinicians, carers, and authorities regarding infectious
agents and potential impacts of allogenic tissue contamination. Although we have filled many gaps
in the world map regarding equine hepatotropic viruses, further prospective studies in this emerging
field may be useful in terms of elucidating risk factors and pathogenesis of these pathogens and
management of cases in terms of prevention and diagnosis.
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