EHV‐1 neurological outbreak during a show‐jumping competition: a clinical and epidemiological study
Résumé
Background: A total of 753 horses were involved in the CES Valencia (Spain) Spring Tour 2021. Due to an EHV-1 outbreak, the competition was cancelled and the site was locked down with 157 horses from 15 different nations staying on site.
Objectives: Describe epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, treatment and outcome data on a population of horses staying in Valencia.
Study design: Retrospective clinical study.
Methods: From the 157 horses on site, 60 horses were followed (32 mares, 24 geldings and 4 stallions) and 67 were sampled with nasopharyngeal swabs sent to Labeo.
Results: From the 60 horses, 10 showed no signs (no fever, no neurological signs). A total of 50 horses showed fever between 38.6 and 41.2°C which lasted for 4.0±2.1 days. Of these, 60% showed no further signs and 40% showed neurological signs with 8 horses hospitalised, of which 2 died. Neurological signs included either ataxia, urinary problems with bladder atony and lack of tail tone. For the mares, 75% showed fever and of these 50% showed neurological signs. For the geldings, 91.7% showed fever and of these 31.8% showed neurological signs. For the 4 stallions, all showed fever and one showed neurological signs. The mean duration between the last day of fever and the beginning of neurological signs was 1.05±1.32 days. There were 33 vaccinated horses (31 had a booster less than 6 months prior to the show): 96.9% showed fever of which 45.4% showed neurological signs. Among the 27 non-vaccinated horses, 66.7% showed fever of which 27.8% showed neurological signs. EHV-1 was detected by qPCR, genotyped as A2254 (ORF30) and isolated on cell culture.
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