The music hall in Britain has an image as old-time, classless entertainment, as commemorated in the long-running television show, The Good Old Days. The material reality was of course quite different. The thousands of touring artistes, the powerful theatre chains, struggling lyricists and in-house musicians inhabited a world where professional organization and conflict with employers was not absent. In this chapter, I will look at the development of music hall working conditions and union organization from 1900 to 1920, concentrating on three key moments: the turn of the century, the great London strike of 1907, and the years of the First World War.