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                <term xml:lang="en">Exchange bias</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Phase separation</term>
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              <p>Magnetic and structural properties of Nb-doped CaMnO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt; have been studied and the effect of doping with 0.02 x 0.1 has been investigated. Substitution of Nb5+ ion for the Mn4+ site of the parent matrix causes one-electron doping with the chemical formula , accompanied by a monotonous increase of the lattice parameters, unit-cell volume, average Mn-O bond distance and a decrease in Mn-O-Mn bond angle, with increasing x. Low temperature magnetic ground state of CaMn&lt;inf&gt;1-x&lt;/inf&gt;Nb&lt;inf&gt;x&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt; has been found to be dependent on niobium doping level. The ground magnetic state evolves from mostly antiferromagnetic, with a weak ferromagnetic component for x = 0.02-0.08, to charge ordered C-type antiferromagnetic state at x = 0.1. Spontaneous magnetization increases sharply with increasing doping level, approaches a maximal value of 4.1 emu g-1 at T = 10 K for x = 0.08, and then decreases rapidly to reach a very small value of 0.2 emu g-1 for x = 0.1. Anomalous negative magnetization behavior below the magnetic transition temperature has been observed for the compound with x = 0.04 in the field cooled magnetization and remanent dc magnetization measurements. Vertical and horizontal shifts of the hysteresis loop of the field cooled sample have been observed for CaMn&lt;inf&gt;0.9&lt;/inf&gt;Nb&lt;inf&gt;0.1&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt; as possible signatures of the exchange bias effect. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on dc magnetization for the sample with x &gt; 0.02 revealed a significant increase of the ferromagnetic phase volume under pressure, linked to progressive suppression of a negative magnetization in x = 0.04 sample. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.</p>
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