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                <term xml:lang="en">Semantic change</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Diachrony</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Epistemic modality</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Imperfective aspect</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Past tense</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Diachronie</term>
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              <p>The present paper deals with the diachronic origin of two modal uses of the imparfait : the hypothetical use in si-constructions and the counterfactual use. After establishing that the two uses already existed in Old French where they corresponded to two distinct uses of the imparfait in the protasis and in the apodosis of hypothetical constructions, we trace the development of both uses in Latin. It then appears that the introduction of the imparfait in hypotheticals is intimately connected to the semantic erosion of subjunctive forms. It also seems that the growing association of the imparfait with values such as counterfactuality and distanciation led to a progressive weakening of its aspectuo-temporal value. We finally suggest that this evolution illustrates the transition between the stage of “bridging contexts” and that of “switch contexts” described in Heine’s model (2002) for semantic change.</p>
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              <p>Le présent article porte sur l’origine diachronique de deux emplois modaux de l’imparfait : l’emploi hypothétique dans les constructions en si et l’emploi contrefactuel. Après avoir établi que ces deux tours existaient dès l’ancien français où ils correspondaient à deux emplois distincts de l’imparfait dans la protase et l’apodose de constructions hypothétiques, nous retraçons le développement de ces deux tours en latin. Il apparaît alors que l’introduction de l’imparfait dans les hypothétiques est étroitement liée à l’érosion sémantique des formes subjonctives. Il semble aussi que l’association croissante de l’imparfait avec les valeurs de contrefactualité et de distanciation a entraîné un affaiblissement progressif de sa valeur aspectuo-temporelle. Enfin, nous suggérons d’analyser cette évolution comme illustrant le passage du stade des « bridging contexts » à celui des « switch contexts » décrit dans le modèle du changement sémantique de Heine (2002).</p>
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