In France, the intention to vaccinate against influenza remains low among paramedical staff and unknown for COVID. Applying Protection Motivation Theory1-2 to vaccination, vaccine intention would be influenced by threat perception (perceived severity of the disease and perception of one's own vulnerability), sense of ability to decide well (self-efficacy), perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived costs or risks, social attitudes (vaccinate to prevent the spread of the virus) and social norms. In this study, we compared these factors underlying influenza vaccination and COVID and identified the predictive effect of these factors on vaccination intention. An anonymous questionnaire study among nursing staff in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit from December 2020 to January 2021. Vaccination intention against influenza and COVID as well as predictive factors were assessed by 7-point Likert scale. Quantitative variables were compared by paired Student's t test or Wilcoxon test, as appropriate. Multiple linear regression analysis established the predictors of vaccine intention. The analysis was performed on 43 questionnaires (3 doctors, 24 nurses, 13 orderlies and 3 undefined) from December 2020 to January 2021. The vaccine intention score out of 7 was 4.7 ± 1.9 for influenza and 3.8 ± 1.9 for COVID (p<0.001). Threat perception was identical between the two diseases. Our participants were more confident in their decision to vaccinate against influenza than against COVID (p= 0.004). They perceived more costs (risks) associated with the COVID vaccination than with the flu (p=0.002). Influenza vaccination was perceived to be more effective in preventing the spread of disease in the population than vaccination against COVID. Multivariate analysis showed a strong influence of social norms regarding influenza vaccination (p=0.002). Vaccination intention against COVID was significantly predicted by perceived vulnerability (P=0.05), social norms (p<0.001) and social attitudes (p<0.001). Prior to the vaccination campaign, predictors of behavioural intention to vaccinate differed between influenza and COVID. This pilot study supports the relevance and feasibility of a large-scale study to assess the levers and barriers to vaccination intention of caregivers.